About the Element Silicon

Posted on July 17, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 14
Silicon:

Information:

Atomic Number: 14
Element Symbol: Si
Name: Silicon
Name Origin: Latin silex, silicus, “flint”
Element Type: Metalloid
Atomic Mass of Element: 28.0855
Melting Point: 1410
Boiling Point: 2355
Neutrons: 14
Density: 2.329
Crystal Structure: Cubic, face centered

Discovery Information:
Who: Jons Berzelius
Year: 1823

Uses:
Silicon Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Silicon is used as a semiconductor to make microchips for electronics (like your computer).
Silicon is also used in solar cells, tools, cement, LCDs, grease and oils.

Properties:
Fine powder of silicon is highly flammable.
It causes serious lung disease known as silicosis often occurred in miners, stonecutters, and others who were engaged in work where siliceous dust was inhaled in great quantities.

About the Element Aluminum

Posted on June 7, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 13
Aluminum Element Information:
Atomic Number: 13
Element Symbol: Al
Name: Aluminum

Element Type: Other Metal
Atomic Mass of Element: 26.98154
Melting Point: 660
Boiling Point: 2467
Neutrons: 14
Density: 2.702
Crystal Structure: Cubic, face centered

Discovery Information:
Who: Hans Christian Oersted
Year: 1825
Place: Denmark

Name Origin
Latin: alumen (alun).

Properties:
Aluminium powder is flammable.
Aluminium reacts very exothermically with halogens.
Aluminium is one of the few abundant elements that appears to have no beneficial function in living cells, but a few percent of people are allergic to it.

Uses:
Aluminium alloys form vital components of aircraft and rockets as a result of their high strength to weight ratio.
Most electronic appliances that require cooling of their internal devices like transistors, CPUs – semiconductors in general have heat sinks that are made of aluminium due to its ease of manufacture and good heat conductivity.
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), alumina is used in glass making.
Powdered aluminium is a commonly used silvering agent in paint.

About the Element Magnesium

Posted on June 6, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 12
Element Magnesium Information:

Atomic Number: 12
Element Symbol: Mg
Name: Magnesium
Element Type: Alkaline Earth Metal
Atomic Mass of Element: 24.305

Boiling Point: 1363K (1090°C)
Melting Point: 923K (650°C)

Neutrons: 12

Density: 1.738

Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

Discovery Information:

Who: Sir Humphrey Davy
Year : 1808
place : England

Name Origin
From Magnesia ancient city in Asia Minor.

Properties:
Magnesium reacts violently with halogens.

Magnesium powder is an explosion hazard.

Magnesium metal and alloys are highly flammable in their pure form when molten, as a powder, or in ribbon form.

Uses:

Magnesium oxide and other compounds also are used in agricultural, chemical, and construction industries.

Used in alloys to make airplanes, missiles, car engine parts, racing bikes and other things that need light metals.

Used in fireplace bricks, flashbulbs, pigments and filters.

Magnesium powder is still used in the manufacture of fireworks and marine flares where a brilliant white light is required.

About the Element Sodium

Posted on June 5, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 11
Element Sodium Information:

Atomic Number: 11
Element Symbol: Na
Name: Sodium
Element Type: Alkaline Metal
Atomic Mass of Element: 22.98977
Boiling Point: 1156K (883°C)
Melting Point: 370.87K (97.27°C)

Neutrons: 12
Density: 0.971
Crystal Structure: Cubic, body centered
Discovery Information
Who: Sir Humphrey Davy
Year: 1807
Place: England

Name Origin
From soda; Na from Latin natrium.

Properties:
Sodium’s metallic form is highly explosive in water and is a poison when uncombined with other elements.
The powdered form may combust spontaneously in air or oxygen. This metal should be handled carefully at all times.
Sodium must be stored either in an inert atmosphere, or under a liquid hydrocarbon such as mineral oil or kerosene.

Uses:
Used in medicine.
Used in agriculture.
Used in photography.
Liquid sodium is sometimes used to cool nuclear reactors.
Also used in street lights, soap, batteries, table salt (NaCl) (a compound vital to life) , and glass.

About the Element Neon

Posted on June 3, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 10
Neon Element Information:
Atomic Number: 10
Symbol of the Element: Ne
Name of the Element: Neon
Type of Element: Noble Gas
Atomic Mass of Element: 20.1797

Boiling Point: 27.07K (-246.08°C)
Melting Point: 24.56K (-248.59°C)

Neutrons: 10
Density of the Element: 0.901
Crystal Structure: Cubic, face centered

Discovery Information
Who: Sir William Ramsay, M.W. Travers
Year: 1898
Place: England

Name Origin
Greek: neos (new).

Properties:
Colourless, Odourless, Tasteless inert gas.
It glows reddish-orange in vacuum discharge tube.
Uses:
Used in Neon lamps and television tubes.
Liquified Neon is offen used as a cryogenic refrigerant.
Used as indicator for High voltage.
Used in certain types of lasers.

About the Element Fluorine

Posted on June 1, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 9
Fluorine Element Information:

Atomic Number: 9
Symbol of the Element: F
Name of the Element: Fluorine
Type of Element: Halogen
Atomic Mass of Element: 18.99840

Boiling Point: 85.03K (-188.12°C)
Melting Point: 53.53K (-219.62°C)

Neutrons: 10
Density of the Element: 1.696
Crystal Structure: Cubic

Discovery Information
Who: Henri Moissan
Year: 1886
Place: France

Name Origin
Latin: fluo (flow).
“Fluorine” in different languages.

Properties:
Light-yellow toxic gas.
Highest electronegativity among all elements.
It is the element having smallest atomic radius.
Reacts with almost all inorganic and organic compounds.
Fluorine combines even with the noble gases Radon, Krypton and Xenon.

Uses:
Flurine is used in the production of uranium for nuclear power generation.
Used in the production of refrigerants (Freon), lubricants and nonstick plastics (Teflon).
Monatomic fluorine is used in the production of semiconductors.

About the Element Oxygen

Posted on May 31, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 8
Oxygen Element Information:

Atomic Number: 8
Symbol of the Element: O
Name of the Element: Oxygen
Type of Element: Non-metal
Atomic Mass of Element: 15.9994

Melting Point: 54.8K (-218.3°C)
Critical temperature: 154.6K (-118.5°C)

Neutrons: 8
Density of the Element: 1.429
Crystal Structure: Cubic

Discovery Information
Who: Joseph Priestley, Karl Wilhelm Scheele
Year: 1774
Place: England/Sweden

Name Origin
Greek: oxus (acid) and gennan (generate).
“Oxygen” in different languages.

Properties:
Colourless, Odourless, Tasteless gas.
It is paramagnetic.
It’s crystal structure is cubic.

Uses:
Oxygen is essential for respiration for plants, animals and humans.
Oxygen is responsible for combustion.
Extensively used in industries / hospitals in gaseous form.
It is used in welding and production of steels.
Oxygen-15 is used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to study brain physiology.

About the Element Nitrogen

Posted on May 30, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 7
Nitrogen Element Information:

Atomic Number: 7
Symbol of the Element: N
Name of the Element: Nitrogen
Type of Element: Non-metal
Atomic Mass of Element: 14.00674

Boiling Point: 77.36K (-195.79°C)
Melting Point: 63.05K (-210.1°C)

Neutrons: 7
Density of the Element: 1.2506
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

Discovery Information
Who: Daniel Rutherford
Year: 1772
Place: Scotland/Sweden

Name Origin
Latin nitrogenium, where nitrum (from Greek nitron) means “native soda”, and genes means “forming”.

Properties:
Colourless, Odourless, Taste-less, Non-flammable gas.
Nitrogen-14 is produced in stars in fusion process.

Uses:
Used as Filler gas in electric lamps.
Used in the production of Ammonia.
Used to create inert atmosphere.
Liquid Nitrogen is used as a coolant in cryogenic applications and also for the preservation of food, biological specimens etc. It is used in cryo surgery.
Nitrogen-13 is used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to study brain physiology.

About the Element Carbon

Posted on May 29, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 6
Carbon Element Information:

Atomic Number: 6
Symbol of the Element: C
Name of the Element: Carbon
Type of Element: Non-metal
Atomic Mass of Element: 12.0107

Boiling Point: 4300K (4027°C)
Melting Point: 3800K (3527°C)

Neutrons: 6
Density of the Element: 2.62
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

Discovery Information
Who: It was discovered in prehistory and was known to the ancients, who manufactured it by burning organic material in insufficient oxygen (making charcoal).

Name Origin
Latin: carbo (coal)

Properties:
It shows different properties in it’s different forms namely, Amorphous, Graphite and Diamond.
It’s property of Fullerenes is responsible for the new emerging field of carbon nanotubes.

Uses:
It is the basic element in all compounds related to living things.
Carbon composites are used in space structures.
Carbon is used as an alloying element with iron to make steel.
Petroleum mainly consists of hydrocarbons.
Carbon-14 is used for radioactive dating.
Carbon nanotube is candidate material for use in future aerospace structures.
Carbon-11 is used in Positron Emission Tomography.

About the Element Boron

Posted on May 26, 2012 by admin

Periodic Table Element number: 5
Boron Element Information:

Atomic Number: 5
Symbol of the Element: B
Name of the Element: Boron
Type of Element: Metalloid
Atomic Mass of Element: 10.811

Boiling Point: 4200K (3927°C)
Melting Point: 2349K (2076°C)

Neutrons: 6
Density of the Element: 2.34
Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral

Discovery Information
Who: H. Davy, J.L. Gay-Lussac, L.J. Thenard
Year: 1828
Place: England/France

Name Origin
From borax and carbon.

Properties:
Very hard in crystalline form and brown powder in amorphous form.
Poor conductor of electricity.
Boron has the highest tensile strength.

Uses:
Used as Moderator for neutrons in nuclear reactions.
Used in the manufacturing of BoroSilicate Glass.
Boron carbide is extremely hard and is used as an abrasive.
Boron filaments are used in light-weight aerospace structures.
Used for making Heat resistant glasses.

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